In April 2025, amidst tensions, Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with Bangladesh’s Chief Advisor Muhammad Yunus on the sidelines of the BIMSTEC Summit in Bangkok . This was their first meeting after Sheikh Hasina fled to India and sought asylum .
Key points of India’s response and engagement include:
- Support for Bangladesh: Modi reiterated India’s support for a democratic, stable, peaceful, progressive, and inclusive Bangladesh .
- Concerns over Minorities: Modi voiced concerns regarding the safety and security of minorities in Bangladesh .
- Commitment to Partnership: Modi affirmed India’s commitment to advancing its partnership with Bangladesh, based on mutual interests and concerns .
- Call to Avoid Rhetoric: Modi urged Bangladesh’s interim leader to avoid rhetoric that could harm bilateral relations .
key issues as of 2025 :
India and Bangladesh have a complex bilateral relationship marked by both cooperation and challenges. Here are some of the key issues as of 2025:
- Border Management and Security: Illegal immigration from Bangladesh remains a concern for India, particularly in the northeastern states, causing socio-economic strain . Border killings and disputes over demarcation persist as irritants . Infrastructure development in border areas is also lacking .
- Extradition of Sheikh Hasina: Bangladesh has requested India to deport former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who is now in exile in Delhi, a move that could strain relations depending on India’s response .
- Treatment of Minorities: India has voiced concerns about attacks on Hindu minorities in Bangladesh . Meanwhile, some Bangladeshis worry about the treatment of Muslims in India .
- Water Sharing: A mechanism for sharing water from common rivers is still not properly implemented . The Teesta River water distribution remains a point of contention .
- ** growing Pro-China and Pro-Pakistan Stance:** India faces challenges as Bangladesh strengthens ties with China and Pakistan . This includes China’s investment in Bangladesh’s infrastructure and discussions on the Teesta River Restoration Project .
- Trade and Connectivity: Despite a strong economic relationship, political restrictions, such as visa limitations, can disrupt trade . Connectivity projects and economic engagement continue, but progress is slow .
- Anti-India Sentiment: There is a growing anti-India sentiment in Bangladesh, stemming from the perception that India supported the previous government . Some Bangladeshis believe India is responsible for sustaining the rule of Sheikh Hasina .
- Political Instability and Elections: Delays in elections and the rise of hardline groups in Bangladesh are causing instability . India is closely monitoring the situation to ensure democratic processes are upheld . To improve the relationship, some analysts suggest India should engage with a broader range of political actors in Bangladesh and address the anti-India sentiment . Quiet diplomacy, similar to the approach with Myanmar, might be beneficial . Bangladesh needs to be more understanding of India’s security concerns .
