MASLD, which stands for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, is a condition characterized by a build-up of extra fat in the liver cells, not caused by alcohol . It is a very common liver disease, affecting over 100 million American adults . Formerly known as NAFLD (Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease), the name was changed in June 2023 to remove potentially stigmatizing language and better reflect the disease’s association with metabolic dysfunction .
Key points about MASLD:
- Definition: MASLD is diagnosed when hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) is present, and a person has at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors .
- Risk Factors: These cardiometabolic risk factors include :
- Being overweight or obese .
- Having type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes .
- High blood pressure .
- High levels of triglycerides or cholesterol in the blood .
- Symptoms: Many people with MASLD may not experience any symptoms, or they might have abdominal discomfort and fatigue . The condition is often detected during imaging tests for other health issues .
- Diagnosis: It can be suspected if blood tests reveal elevated liver enzymes . Doctors typically rule out other potential causes before diagnosing MASLD and may order an ultrasound or other imaging . A liver biopsy can determine the severity and whether steatohepatitis (MASH) is present .
- Potential complications: MASLD can lead to MASH (Metabolic dysfunction-Associated SteatoHepatitis), which involves liver inflammation and damage, potentially progressing to cirrhosis (scarring), liver cancer, and liver failure .
- Treatment and Management: Management includes lifestyle changes such as adopting a healthy diet and regular exercise . Losing even a moderate amount of weight (e.g., 10% of body weight) can reduce fat and inflammation in the liver .
- Important Note: People with MASLD are also at a higher risk for heart disease and diabetes .
The global liver community has shifted to using the term MASLD to encourage better research and funding for the disease .
