India’s Arctic Policy, formalized in 2022, guides the country’s engagement in the Arctic region . It has evolved from being primarily science-driven to incorporating geopolitical and strategic interests . The policy addresses climate change, environmental protection, and sustainable development, while also recognizing the shifting strategic landscape in the Arctic .
Key Objectives and Pillars:
- Scientific Research and Climate Monitoring: Understanding the impact of Arctic changes on India, particularly concerning the monsoon patterns and Himalayan glaciers, is a primary focus .
- Economic and Human Development: The policy aims to explore opportunities for sustainable economic development in the Arctic region, including shipping routes and resource exploration .
- Environmental Protection: Protecting the Arctic environment and biodiversity is a crucial aspect, given the region’s vulnerability to climate change .
- Sustainable Tourism: Promoting responsible and sustainable tourism in the Arctic is also part of the policy .
- International Cooperation: India seeks to engage with Arctic nations and international bodies to promote cooperation and address common challenges .
- Capacity Building: The policy aims to enhance India’s capabilities in Arctic research, technology, and expertise .
Strategic Interests and Geopolitical Considerations:
- Northern Sea Route (NSR): India is interested in the NSR as an alternative trade route, which could reduce reliance on traditional sea lanes .
- China’s Presence: India is mindful of China’s growing presence in the Arctic and its potential implications for regional dynamics and the Indo-Pacific .
- Russia Relations: India’s long-standing relationship with Russia, particularly in space cooperation and defense, influences its Arctic strategy .
- Balancing Act: India aims to balance its strategic autonomy with the need for collaboration with like-minded countries in the Arctic .
India’s Engagement in the Arctic:
- Research Station: India operates the Himadri research station in Svalbard, Norway, facilitating Arctic research .
- Arctic Council: India has observer status in the Arctic Council, allowing it to participate in discussions and contribute to Arctic governance .
- Scientific Expeditions: Indian scientists conduct polar expeditions to study climate change and other environmental factors .
Recommendations for a Stronger Arctic Strategy:
- Institutionalize Engagement: Establish dedicated desks in the Foreign and Defence Ministries to handle Arctic affairs .
- Partnerships: Collaborate with Arctic states on initiatives like polar logistics and maritime domain awareness .
- Governance Role: Seek a seat in new Arctic governance forums related to infrastructure and shipping regulations .
- Climate Focus: Maintain a climate-conscious approach while enhancing strategic focus .
In summary, India’s Arctic Policy reflects its commitment to scientific research, sustainable development, and environmental protection in the Arctic . As the region’s strategic importance grows, India aims to play a constructive role while addressing its own security and economic interests .
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