A new study revealed that TR1 (Type -1 Regulatory T Cell ) rather than TH1 , are the main drivers of the immune response to maleria ,challenging earlier assumptions ..
T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells are a specialized subset of T cells critical in modulating antigen-specific immune responses in the body . They are characterized by the co-expression of CD49b and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) .
their key characteristics and functions:
- Suppression Mechanism: Tr1 cells primarily control immune responses through the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β, as well as the killing of myeloid cells via granzyme B .
- Cytokine Production: They secrete IL-10, TGF-β, and granzyme B but do not produce IL-4 and IL-17 .
- Role in Tolerance: Tr1 cells were first identified in patients who developed tolerance after HLA-mismatched fetal liver hematopoietic stem cell transplantation .
- Modulation of Immune Responses: They can modulate inflammatory and effector T cell responses in various immune-mediated diseases . Specifically, Tr1 cells can directly inhibit effector T cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production and indirectly inhibit effector T cells by modulating professional antigen-presenting cells . They can also suppress CD8+ T cell responses and mediate bystander suppression by killing professional antigen-presenting cells .
- Clinical Applications: Due to their ability to be generated and expanded in vitro in an antigen-specific manner, Tr1 cells are being explored for clinical use as cell therapy in patients . Clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of using Tr1 cell products, with indications of some clinical benefits .
- Induction/Expansion Protocols: Protocols have been established to induce/expand Tr1 cells in vitro for clinical applications . A recently developed protocol involves using lentiviral vector-mediated IL-10 gene transfer to efficiently convert human CD4+ T cells into a homogeneous population of Tr1-like cells .For health & disease news click www.eminentnews.com
